Jaký je rozdíl mezi mechanickou a pyrolytickou recyklací lithiových baterií

Mechanical recycling requires shredders, crushers, vibratory sieves, rotary screeners, and magnetic and gravity separators to break down and sort battery materials physically, along with dust collection and safety systems to control particles and protect workers. Pyrolytic recycling, in contrast, relies on high-temperature furnaces, off-gas treatment, and specialized handling equipment, plus cooling and condensation systems to manage released gases. This makes pyrolytic recycling more capital-intensive and demanding in terms of safety measures than mechanical methods.

Mechanical recycling is more environmentally friendly because it avoids high temperatures, consumes less energy, and emits fewer greenhouse gases. It also reduces the risk of toxic fumes or persistent pollutants. Proper dust and waste management further enhances its eco-friendliness while maintaining high metal recovery rates. Pyrolytic recycling uses more energy and may produce hazardous emissions, though advanced gas treatment can mitigate risks. For typical lithium battery waste, mechanical recycling is generally the best choice for combining environmental protection with efficient resource recovery.

When comparing mechanical and pyrolytic recycling, both upfront and operational costs matter. Mechanical recycling generally requires lower capital, needing only shredding and sorting equipment, with modest energy expenses. Most ongoing costs come from labor and maintenance. Pyrolytic recycling demands higher initial investment for furnaces and emission control, plus greater energy consumption. It can offer higher recovery rates for complex batteries, potentially offsetting costs for high-value scrap. Your choice should consider throughput, battery types, a místní ceny energií.